ENGLISH


Churchill, Sir Winston Leonard Spencer (1874-l965), British statesman, best known for his courageous leadership as prime minister during World War II (1939-l945).
In 1900 Churchill was elected to Parliament.
He later serd as president of the Board of Trade, as home secretary, and as first lord of the admiralty. During World War I (1914-l918), naval problems and his support of the disastrous Gallipoli campaign forced his resignation from the admiralty.
From 1917 to 1922 he filled seral important positions, including minister of munitions and secretary for war.
From 1924 to 1929 he was chancellor of the Exchequer. As such he returned Britain to the gold standard and condemned the trade unions during the general strike of 1926.
Churchill succeeded Neville Chamberlain as prime minister in 1940.
During the beginning of World War II, his pugnacity and rousing speeches rallied the British to continue the ht.
He secured military aid and moral support from the United States, and after the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the United States entered the war in 1941, Churchill eslished close ties with American president Franklin D. Rooselt and Soviet leader

Joseph Stalin. Churchill also helped shape the map of post-war Europe.
Despite his international reputation, he was defeated in the election of 1945.
He was prime minister again from 1951 to 1955, but age and poor health prented him from providing dynamic leadership.
Churchill was also an able historian. His most famous works include A History of the English-speaking Peoples (4 volumes, 1856-l958).
He receid the Nobel Prize for literature in 1953.